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H. LARTIGU'H `|.-ELBPH01\IB EXCHANGE AND APPARATUS THEREFOR. 310.267,905. Patented Nov. 21, A882.

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TELEPHONE BXGHANGB AND APPARATUS THERBPOR No. 267,905. Patented Nov. 21, 1882,

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NUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.,

HENRY LARTIGUE, OFPARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR TO THE SOCIETE GENERALE DES TELEPHONES, OF SAME PLAGE.

TELEPHONE-EXCHANGE AND APPARATUS THEREFOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 267,905, dated November 21, 1882.

Application tiled December 31, 1881. (No model.) Patented in France July 30, 1881, No. 144,184; in Belgium Angustll, 1881, No. 55,607; in England September 1, 1881, No. 3,809 in Italy November 14, 1881; in Austria December 11, 1881, No. 33,252,

and in Spain January 28, 1882.

'o all whom tt may concern: 'A

Be it known` that I, HENRY LAR'LIGUE, a citizen of the French Republic, residing in Paris, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telephonie-Exchange Offices and in Commutators and other Applianoes Appertaiuing Thcreto, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to systematize and simplify the accessories and operations at central telephonie offices, where are assembled the wires of the numerous subscribers circuits.

Instead of extending a single wire from the central office to the subscribers telephone and then grounding it, I employ a double or returning wire, thus rendering the circuit entirely metallic, and I bind lthe two insulated wires together in a cotton wrapping, and seven (more or less) of these wrapped double wires are grouped together into a cable and covered with lead. Each such cable will serve seven subscribers. A great number of such cables are laid, in the street-sewers by preference, when practicable, or in pipes or conveyors beneath or above the ground.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l isv a vertical section ot' the ground and building where the central ofce is located, showing the complete oonnectionsfrom the street-sewer to the commutator-tables, where the connections are made; and Fig. 2 is a plan of the office appurtenances, partly in horizontalrs'ection. 'l'he remaining igures are detail views, which will be bestunderstood after a general description of Figs. 1 and 2 has been given.

The lead-covered cables, (lettered a a,) after emerging from the sewer, enter the building where the central office is located, at A, Fig. l, through an aperture in the wall. This aperture is covered with a perforated plate, C. (Shown on a larger scalein vertical transverse secwtion in Fig. 3, and in elevation in Fig.4.) Each cable c passes through one of the perforations b in this plate, whereby the cables are kept distinct. The holes b b are only large Aenough 'to admit the cables, whereby the entrance of sewer-gases and foul emanations into the building is prevented.

I make no claim in this application to the portion of my invention thus far described, reserving such claim for the subject of a future application. v

After passing the plate C, the cables a t are or may be separated into two groups, D D, one ot' which passes along the ceiling, and the other of which descends through. a box or way, B, to the floor, and both extend to a connectingframe, E. This frame (shown in section in Fig. 2) consists of panels joined together in box' form and strengthened by corner-posts c c. The two side panels have each a largev circular opening, E', around which are a number ot'fsectors, F F, Fig. l, one to each cable a. One of these sectors is shown separately and enlarged in Fig. 5, which is afront elevation. The groups D D, on arriving at the frame E, separate, and the cables a' a diverge or radiate, one passing to each sector F, the cables ofthe ceiling-group extending to those sectors above the center of the frame E, and those of the floor-group t joining the sectors below the center.

Near each sector F is an eye, d, and each cable ct passes through the one of these eyes nearest its sector, is then denuded of its leaden sheath, and its seven double wires c e are spread apart and passed through seven holes, fj', Fig. 5, formed through the panel of the frame E. Each double wire e, as it emerges through its hole f, is denuded of the wrapping by which the two insulated wires are bound together, and the latter pass under a clampingplate, l1., on the sector F,which plate bears the name` and address of the subscriber supplied by the wires. From thence the two wires are separated and their naked ends are clamped by binding-screws it on an ebonite plate,j. The screws t t are respectively connected through two copper strips with two bindingscrews, i t', on the opposite end of the plate j. To the screws z" t" are connected the separated end of a pair of wires, k, inclosed in a sheath'- iug of paraffine, which paraffne strand, as I shall call it, has attached to it a plate, l, bearing the subscribers number, andthence is carried to the margin of the opening E,where it passes between two rubber knobs, n, Fig. 5,

a connection-frame, E, of two faces or panels;

but it may be made of one, three, or more.

The commutator-racks H H are shown in Fig. 2 as arranged in two rows and set back vto back, the strands 7c k passing between the rows and spreading to their different racks. Fig. 6 is a vertical transverse section of the racks. Each rack H has fixed to it the commutators and indicators for a -certain number of subscribers-say, for instance, twenty-five* and hence it is preferable to group the strands 7c la as they leave the frame. E into cables of twenty-tive strands in each, and to conduct each such cable to one of the racks,where the strands are separated and the two wires of each strand are joined to their own commutator. On each rack I-I the twenty-tive indicators are placed above at I, the twenty-live commutators are placed at J, and below these are arranged, at K, a seriesofconjunctors that serve to establishv electrical communication from one rack to another, as shown best in the front elevation, Fig. ll.

The cornmutators I employ are of the kind known as American jack-knives,77 which I have modified to adapt them to the useof two wires, instead of a single wire grounded. I superpose two jack-knives, arranging one directly in front of the other. Fig. 7 is a horizontal longitudinal mid-section through the double jack-knife, cut in the plane of thelines 7 7 in Fig. 8. Fig. 8 includes two vertical longitudinal sections cut in the planes of the two lines 8 S in Fig. 7, the upper view being a section through the rear and the lower view a section through the front jack-knife. Fig. 9 is an elevation of the double peg used with the commutator, and Fig. 10 is a longitudinal mid-section thereof.

Referring to Figs. 7 and 8, M is the metallic plate or body portion of the front jack-knife, and M' is that of the rear jack-knife. Both are fastened by bolts 0 and O' to the rack H, these bolts bein g insulated from the metallic plates M M', and the latter being insulated from each other by an ebonite sheathing, N. A metallic plug, fw, penetrates the plate M', being insulated from it by the sheathing N. A screw, q, re-establishes connection between the plate M and the bolt O, and a screw, q', likewise connects the plate M' with the plug w. Two holes or sockets, t and t', are formed through the front plate, M, and back of these are formed a socket, u, in the plug w, and a socket, u', in the back plate, M'. The sockets u and u' are smaller than the holes t t', and serve as continuations thereof. vBeneath the front plate is the usual spring, m, having a contact-point, p, which normally touches a branch from the bolt O and a plunger, o, projecting transversely into the socket t. The back plate,

M', is provided with a like spring, m', inversely arranged, having a point, p', connecting with the bolt O', and a plunger, o', projecting into the socket u'. The -ends of the two wires in the parafiine strand 7s are connected, one to the plate M, the other to the plate M', Fig. 8, and the wires a: and y, leading to the relay R, which works the annunciator, are connected respectively to the bolts O and 0'. The relay need not be used, in which case R will designate the annunciator.

The peg or plug P (shown in Figs. 9 and l0) is connected with a cord of two wires, and consists of a handle with a split ferrule, fr, at its end, and a split rod or pin, s, projecting beyond the ferrule and insulated therefrom. The ferrule 'r is joined to one wire of the cord, the pin s to the other. The ferrule is of such size as to t in the sockets t or t', thepin of such size as to lit into u or u'. With this commutator the annunciator (or relay) R can be put either in derivation or in the main circuit with the telephone. In the rst case, in the position of waitin g, a current from the'subscribers battery passes through M, `the screw q, the bolt O, the wire x, the annunciator R, the wire y, the bolt O', the point p', the spring m', and the plate M', and the annunciator operates and notifies the attendant. The latter then inserts into the socket t u the peg P of his telephone, whereupon his telephone is in one branch of the circuit extending through the exible cords, as shown by the dotted lines T 'I in Fig. 7,while the annunciator is in a separate branch following the path just described. The attendant may then communicate with the subscriber; or, if the peg .P be put into the socket t' u', communication is also established with the subscriber; but in this case the circuit to the annunciator is broken at 19', and the current can only pass through the peg P and its Wires to the attendants telephone and back. rlhus to establish communication between two subscribers a cord is employed with a double peg P at each end, and one'peg is thrust into the right-hand socket of one commutator, while the other is put into the left'hand socket of the other commutator, whereby the annunciator of only one subscriber is left in derivation for the purpose of receiving the signal denoting that the conversation is nished, the connection with the other annunciator being broken. To put the annunciator It in the same circuit'with the telephone, instead of in derivation, the screws q q' are withdrawn (or lifted) and a wire, o, (shown by a dotted line,) is employed. The current then does not divide when the attendant inserts the peg of his telephone in the lefthand socket, but flows first through his felepone and then through the annunciator.

Fig. 11 shows the commutator-racks H Hin front elevation on a larger scale than Fig. 1. As before mentioned, the commutators are grouped in clusters of twenty-iive on each rack IOO IOS

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or desk, it being desirable to include in the eyes e e, combined and arranged substantially same group those subscribers who most frequently communicate with each other. I have `here shown two groups of twenty-five commutators in each rack, two `panels composing a rack. VThe conjunctors K K are to enable communication to be made between the com mutators of subscribers `who are on different racks. These conjunctors consist of a series of double plates (shown in detail in Fig. 12) having a socket into which the peg P will tit, and arranged in vertical and horizontal t rows, as shown .in Fig. l1. The vertical rows of each rack are numberedl 2 3 4i 5 6. VEach conjunctor plate is electrically connected with the plate on the same horizontal line of each likenumbered row. It is understood that the conjunctor-plates of row l are for the use of subscribers on the first rack, those in row 2 for the second rack, and so on. Suppose that subscriber N o. 15 of the first sectionor panel of the second rack wishes to communicate with subscriber No. 87; of the second section of the third rack. The attendant, after having communicated with the subscriber, will thrust one peg -P into commutator No. `15 and the peg at the other` end of the cord into some conjunctor in the row 2, and he will then in like manner connect the corresponding conjunctor of row 2 of the third rack with commutator No. 87, after having called subscriberNo. 87. The lower rows ofconjunctors may serve to establish communication, either permanent or transitory, from one central office to another or others. I claim as my inventionfl l. The combination of connection-frame E, consisting of an annular panel having a series of radial conducting-connections fixed to its faceadjacent to its central opening, with an equal series of wires entering from its back Y through said opening, and the end of each confined to oneot' said connections, and Vwith another series of wires carried around its surface outside of said series of connections., and each wire extending inward to and terminatingat one of said connections, whereby each wire of the inner series is joined through one of said connections with the corresponding wire of the outer series, substantially as set forth.

2. The connection-frame E, consisting of a board or panel having an opening, E', lined with a series of sectors, F F, and provided with a corresponding number of eyes, d Land each sector having a greater number of'perforations or eyes, e e,.and a number of bindingconnections -corresponding to the number of as set forth.

3. The combination, with double wires leading to the subscribers telephone, of a doublejack-knife commutator, consisting of two superposed interinsulated jack-knives, the plate of each being connected with one of said wires, combined and arranged substantially as set forth.

4. A commutator consisting of the combination of two jack-knife commutators insulated from each other, arranged one against the other, with their ends reversed, and with communicating sockets, substantially as set forth.

5. A commutator consisting of the combination of two plates, MM', 'and two bolts, 0 O',

all insulated from each other,.springs m and fm', making contact with bolts O O', plungers o o', and sockets tt and u a', substantially as set forth.

6. The combination, with a commutator consisting of two superposed interinsulated jackknives having communicating sockets, of a peg, P, consisting-of a ferrule, i", and pin s, insulated from each other and adapted to fitV said sockets, and a flexible cord ot' two insulated wires, one wire connected to said ferrule, the other to said pin, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination, to form a commutator, of two plates, MM', insulated from each other, sockets t t through the front plate, M, a plug, w, entering the back plate, M', back of the socket t, and insulated from said plate, a socket, u, in said plug, forming a continuation of the socket t, a socket, u', in the plate M', forming a continuation of the socket t', springs m m', and plun gers 0 o', substantially as set forth.

8. The combination and arrangement ofthe racks H H with the cominutators J J, and conjunctors K K on each rack, said conjunctors consisting each of two plates insulated from each other, and each plate of each conjunctor on one rack bein g electrically connected with the corresponding plate of `the corresponding conjnnctor on each other rack, substantially as set forth.

9. The conjunctors K K, consisting ofdouble superposcd interinsulated plates having communicating sockets, the like plates ot' corresponding conjunctors being electrically connected, substantially as set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

` HENRYA LARTIGUE.

Witnesses:

Ron'r. M. HooPnR, CHARLES MEARRELES.

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